The traditional explanation of a siphon states that the flow in the down leg, due to gravity, creates a partial vacuum in the upper most portion of the conduit. If you were to evacuate all of the air in the tube, the level inside would rise to a level equal to the atmospheric pressure pressing down on the surface of the container. If you submerge the end of a long tube in a container of water, the water within the tube will rise to a level equal to its surface level in the container. Gravity obviously causes a liquid to flow through the down leg, but what causes it to navigate the up leg? One of the key phrases in this definition is "continuous flow" - this separates the true siphon from the siphon effect that may occur in a piping system.Īlthough the siphon appears quite simple, there is still some debate as to how it actually operates. I define a "true" siphon as a tube or pipe through which a liquid can be moved from a higher to a lower level by atmospheric pressure forcing it up the shorter (or up) leg while the weight of the liquid in the longer (or down) leg causes continuous downward flow. The Pump Handbook provides a couple: one explains it as "a pipe or other closed conduit that rises and falls," while a more specific definition refers to "a jet pump that utilizes a condensable vapor as a motive fluid." Both can be examples of the siphon effect, but neither describes exactly how I was able to transfer gasoline from my dad's car to our lawnmower (and my mouth). There are several definitions of a siphon.
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